Personal Statement on Psychology - 780 Words

I have always been interested in the way people act and what affects their behaviour in social situations. From studying psychology at A-level this passion and fascination has grown so much so that I now want to complete a degree in psychology to further my knowledge into human behaviour and what motivates a person to show this behaviour. From studying Piliavin during my A-level course I learnt about the ‘diffusion of responsibility’ which helped me understand why people are lacking in motivation to help a person in need, this theory became particularly interesting to me when a customer at work who had special needs broke down crying because she had lost a key to her house, other customers in the shop fled and refused to help her if I had not learnt about Piliavin this behaviour would have shocked and confused me but I now understand why a person feels this behaviour is necessary and their only option. Therefore I think that psychology is vital in society and everyday li fe as human behaviour is always being analysed by others and so psychology is fundamental to be able to understand the human mind in a variety of situations and to fully understand why people think and act the way they do. During my A-level subjects I have become intrigued about social psychology and I believe this is represented through the work I have completed. This is particularly present when I completed my Extended Project Qualification in which I chose a subject which focused on my two mainShow MoreRelatedEducational Psychology Personal Statement896 Words   |  4 Pages​When I declared a psychology major during the second year of my undergraduate career, my objective was to attend medical school and eventually become a psychiatrist. I enjoyed the psychology classes in which I was enrolled and found them to compliment the premed curriculum I also wanted to study. I reasoned that a major in psychology would provide insight that could later be useful in my planned studies of psychiatry. Although I decided against going to medical school, psychology remained the primaryRead MorePersonal Statement On Clinical Psychology867 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Psychology Rough Draft My academic, personal, and job experiences have propelled me to pursue a Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology. Through joining the Minority Biomedical Research Support- Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (MBRS-RISE) program, taking psychology courses, and working as a behavioral interventionist, I have acquired work and research experience needed to pursue a graduate degree. My immediate goal is to pursue a Master’s degree in clinical psychology with emphasisRead MorePersonal Statement For A Career In Psychology944 Words   |  4 Pagesstate, and make up 18.5 percent of the adult population. This means that almost one in five individuals in the US suffer from a mental disorder. These statistics are unnerving, and it is part of the reason I wish to pursue a career in the field of psychology. Becoming a psychiatrist or a psychologist and being able to make a difference in as many lives as possible is a massive aspiration of mine. My desire is simply that I get the opportunity to touch the lives of people that are unfortunate or comeRead MorePersonal Statement : Psychology And Sociology1902 Words   |  8 PagesAs a junior in high school, I have recently become interested in psychology. While studying psychology/sociology this previous year, I have become drawn to the topic of human potential. After gathering what I have learned, it turns out most people want to live their life to the fullest by becoming all they can be. To reach this fulfillment of a higher/better self is known as self-actualization. A major problem for many people today is reaching their full potential, although the potential alreadyRead MoreThe Need For Total Elimination Is Unjustified1122 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Churchland argues for the total elimination as opposed to smooth reduction of folk psychology with materialistic sciences to replace it in â€Å"Eliminative Materialism and The Propositional Attitudes,† on grounds that folk psychology is a theory that is primarily flawed due to a severe lack of explanatory power. Additionally has a bad historical trend of retreat and lack of progress, and does not fit well with prominent physical sciences. I will explain his argument in this paper, evaluate it forRead MoreGraduate Programs Comparison1324 Words   |  6 Pagesinterested in researching. For each program, answer the following questions. School 1: University of California, Los Angeles Graduate Program Name: Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology 1 List the admission requirements for graduate studies in psychology. Universitys minimum requirements: i. All applicants are expected to submit a statement of purpose. ii. Admission is for Fall Quarter only and on a full-time basis only. iii. Applications must be complete and received by the department by the deadlineRead MoreStatement Of Faith, And One Baptism888 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Faith I believe in one Lord, one faith, and one baptism (Ephesians 4:5-6), and that I belong to Him in every aspect of my life. I believe that in Grace, He died on the cross and rose from the grave, and this constitutes the resurrection of Jesus Christ (I Corinthians 15:4). I believe Jesus was the ultimate sacrifice, the perfect (without blemish) sacrifice for our sins (Colossians 1:22; I Peter 1:19). I came to know of Jesus at a young age, but developed a close personal relationshipRead More11381 Words   |  5 PagesIt? Journal Psychology (S2958282) Faith Eke Points possible:  30 Date: ____________ Answer the questions below. When you are finished, turn in your assignment for grading. Use complete sentences and answer each part of the assignment. 1. Think of a time in your life when someone you know was having difficulty. Using that example, choose the statement from the list below that seems most true. Then, for the statement you choose, write which perspective or branch from psychology (humanistic, positiveRead MoreThe Secret Language Of Clinical Psychology972 Words   |  4 Pagesof Clinical Psychologists. The article, Women Entering Clinical Psychology: Q-Sort Narratives of Career Attraction of Female Clinical Psychology Trainees in the UK was published on September nineteenth, 2011 by Martyn Baker and Jen Nash. This article discusses about a vast amount of women in the UK are attracted to the clinical psychology workforce. This article is on a study that tests how the women are attracted to clinical psychology through the use of five narratives of attraction. This articleRead MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In researching the ancient roots of international psychology, I found that I gravitated with special interest to the ancient roots of Greek, Chinese and Indian psychology. In this research, I found myself replaying a statement I read when learning about the hypothesis regarding the history of psychology. This statement is â€Å" It may be possible that parts of history have indeed been chaotic whereas other parts have been linear and progressive and still others have been cyclical† (King

Headaches Their Causes And Effects Essay - 639 Words

All of us suffer from an occasional headache; in fact, 20 million Americans see their doctors each year because of headaches. Headaches are also the leading cause for missing school and work in this country. There are many different types of headaches ranging from just ordinary pain, to pain associated with a disorder or serious medical condition. Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss the worst type of headache. The type of headache Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss, the Migraine, although intense in its pain, is not associated with a medical condition or injury. The Migraine is a recurring throbbing headache, affecting only one side of the head and often accompanied by many symptoms. Although many people use the word amp;#8220;Migraine; to†¦show more content†¦This is supposedly due to the hormonal imbalance during that time. So, what can we do to prevent Migraines? Because Migraine headaches can recur for years and medication may lead to side effects and rebound headaches prevention is the key aspect in the management of migraines. Pay close attention to your diet. See if avoiding certain foods can prevent a migraine. The three Camp;#8217;s- Cheese, chocolate and citrus are the most common foods which trigger migraines. Iamp;#8217;d like to discuss sleep habits. While itamp;#8217;s important to get enough rest, avoid oversleeping as well. Itamp;#8217;s best to go to bed and get up at about the same time each day, since this helps to regulate and stabilize the brainamp;#8217;s important biological clocks. To make up for loss of sleep after a late night, rest or nap later in the day if necessary. Has anyone ever read the ingredients of Excedrin? Well if you have youamp;#8217;d have noticed that Excedrinamp;#8217;s three active ingredients are: Acetaminophen (which is Tylenol), Asprin and surprisingly enough, Caffeine. I remember a day last year around the time that we had finals, when my sister, Iamp;#8217;m not just blaming her, it was really her fault, bought these pills named Vivavrin. As soon as I took one of these pills my head began to throb and I, who have a long family history of migraines, received one. Now, if Caffeine triggers Migraines, why would aShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Migraine Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pages A migraine is a disease that affects the body specifically the head, and it is count as one of the diseases that produce a headache and another kind of pains in the head and the body. This Migraine has many types and it is a chronic disease which keeps the effects remain for a long time. Some of the things that could happen to who has or about to have a migraine are vomiting, nausea, sensitivity to the light and sound and can include flashesRead MoreHeadaches and Alternative Treatment Options Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesHeadaches and alternative treatment options†¦ Almost everyone has experienced a headache in their lives. It is top of the list for most common pains, and possibly the major underlying excuse in your life if you miss something. It may come up suddenly while you are sitting at your desk and working on a challenging task, at a stressful moment, or even at your sleep! You may feel a belt is tightened around your head or can even be a throbbing type of pain. Some of the headaches are periodic andRead MoreMigraine Headaches : Symptoms And Symptoms1351 Words   |  6 PagesMigraine Headaches: One Condition, Different Perspectives Migraine headaches are not normal headaches. They are often a chronic, on-and-off condition, causing sufferers various issues in all aspects of life. School and work become more difficult, and lives are disrupted. In order to reduce the effect of migraine headaches on Americans, it is important to understand the condition and its effects. Understanding Migraine Headaches Migraine headaches are very different from typical headaches. TheyRead MoreTeen Stress Effects1119 Words   |  5 Pageshas many effects on teenagers including their physical, emotional and mental health. Stress is defined as a state of distress due to an environmental factor, and with this comes a raised heart rate and blood pressure (Suldo). There are a few physical effects related to stress on the body. With other symptoms comes aches and pains, â€Å"allergic† reactions and a lack of sleep (Rowh). When teens are stressed, they can start to feel headaches. These headaches are typically known as tension headache, and theRead MoreCaffeine Addiction Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesto it and that caffeine can damage the body and brain. There are a few positive and negative psychological effects of caffeine on the human body. Positive psychological effects are concentration, focus, attention, improves memory, in some studies, and alertness. Negative psychological effects are anxiety, depression, irritable, and addiction. Some physiological effects are nausea, headache, restless, hypertension, and tremors. It is important for researching caffeine addiction because most peopleRead MoreMigraines And Society : Symptoms And Symptoms1689 Words   |  7 Pagesbut most people do not know the difference between headaches and migraines. Migraines are known as an â€Å"invisible illness† because there are not any physical effects i.e. rash, blisters or vomiting. Migraines can be triggered by many things. One major trigger is light, certain types of lights or lighting can cause even more damage to those suffering from migraines. LED lights and strobe lights are one of the most common types of lights that cause migraine sufferers to experience discomfort. The brightnessRead More Migraines: That Ache In Your Head Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThat Ache In Your Head Have you ever had a headache? That pounding pain that would not go away, it was probably a headache, however there is another type of headache that happens to one side of the head and could also cause nausea, sensitivity to light, sound or odors. Also accompanying the migraine is a aura, which could be flashes of light, or temporally lose your vision, in any case it is a visual impairment. (1) Migraines differ from headaches because a migraine is a neurological disease.Read MoreOil Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesMedicine prescriptions for headaches and migraines often have side effects on the users. Essential oils, on the other hand, offer relief to with reduced side effects. These oils also have other associated benefits such as giving relief from stress, reducing tension and also ease any pain that may be suffered. However, caution must be taken not to swallow the oil o apply it directly to the skin. But what are essential oils? These are liquids extracted from various parts of plants such as leaves,Read MorePathogenesis of Menstural Migraines Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesA migraine is a common, chronic, and debilitating neurovascular disorder. It is characterized by attacks of serve headache along with autonomic nervous system dysfunction and some patients an aura neurological symptom (Goadsby, Lipton, Ferrari, 2002). Migraine attacks start at any age but they peak in the early to mid adolescence age. Migraines rates were observed for a year and the results showed the prevalence of migraines being 11% overall, 6% among men and 15-18% in women(Stewart WF, LiptonRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Migraine Insomnia1636 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Migraine headaches are chronic neurological ailments that affect approximately 12% of patients in the United States and cost businesses nearly $13 billion in missed workdays each year. Managing migraine headaches is important for workplace productivity, as well as maintaining a high quality of life. Most commonly, patients begin their quest for management with over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or Advil, which are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraine. Sumatriptan

Transaction Security E Commerce Environment - 2227 Words

Transaction Security in E-Commerce Environment With the evolution of Internet, new technologies are appearing and new ways of doing business are slowly changing the world. One of those new business process are online stores. This technology allows user to sell or buy their products or services online. These data exchanged during those operations are extremely very critical and no error with the manipulation of these important information can be allowed. For the protection of those personal and financial information, security plays a big role in this industry. There are main elements in the transaction security are: Confidentiality Integrity Authentication Non-repudiation And the authorization. The confidentiality of the information is one†¦show more content†¦Many different approaches are used to ensure that the elements of transaction security for the two parties. Some are for the users, not recurring any type of action except intelligence. Those are simple measures such as informing the users of potential dangers and teaching them to be more vigilant when having online transaction. One example is suggesting users not to use a public Wi-Fi to have transactions or verifying the website’s authentication before any transaction. Other approaches are more technical such as: Internet Protocol Security Secure Electronic Transaction Transport Layer Security and Secure Sockets Layer Internet Protocol Security, which is also called IPsec, is a protocol that secures the communications at the Protocol level. This is done by the encrypting and authenticating each IP packet of the data. IPsec can be used to protect the data flows between pair of hosts, between a pair of security gateways or between a security gateway and a host. IPsec supports network-level peer authentication, data origin authentication, integrity and confidentiality. It also supports replay protection that aims to protect against repeating a transaction, for example, the purchase of a service. SET or Secure Electronic Transaction is a communication protocol. It allows the user secure transaction via credit cards over the Internet. The main objectives of Secure Electronic Transaction are to: Provide

Business Research Ethics Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"It’s non hard to do determinations when you know what your values are. † – Roy Disney ( Nephew of Walt Disney ) Ethics in concern research set the criterions in which research workers use to steer them ; these criterions build trust non merely by the honestness of a research workers work but besides in their unity in the method that they use. Without moralss a researcher’s procedure could turn out to hold great branchings. Ethical concern researcher’s nucleus value is duty and honestness. Research workers are cognizant of who all can be affected should their work non be of the highest quality. Research is used for and is relied on for such things as merchandise safety or as a usher in a peculiar market. Every measure that is taken in the research procedure begins with the information that is gathered. documented and even published so divergences may be within the jurisprudence but are considered to be unethical patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Research Ethics Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is through research that new developments are made and may take to better penetration in things that others have already shed visible radiation and gathered information on. It is non uncommon for some research worker to seesaw between what is ethical and what is considered to be unethical. A psychological science professor and scientist from Harvard University by the name of Marc Hauser had crossed the line between what was ethical and what was non. In an article that the Harvard Crimson ran in early September of 2012 it stated that after a biennial federal probe the Office of Research Integrity found this former Harvard psychological science professor had doctored consequences of his research and was accused of six counts of research misconduct. lying about his informations and beliing research methods in his Harvard lab in research that the National Institute of Health supported. ( Jain. Sept ) Marc Hauser conducted research that involved and was chiefly concentrated on carnal knowledge and moral psychological science. Mr. Hauser found himself vacating from his tenured place at Harvard University ; it was stated by Dean Smith that. † no university or college wants to see a member of their module found responsible for research misconduct. for such misconduct wor k stoppages at the nucleus of their academic values. † ( Jain. Sept ) It was after these allegations that led to Hauser to abjure a paper that he had written about cotton-top lion monkeies being able to separate between forms of syllables like a human baby can. In two other surveies that Hauser published in Science and the Proceedings of The Royal Society B were besides retracted and fixed subtractions any field notes. These publications are besides under probe every bit good. Hauser has turned his attending in another way but has agreed that should he carry on further research he will be supervised for any new-government sponsored research. reappraisal and public revelation to happening bureaus of the legitimacy of his informations by establishments that employ him in the hereafter and he will be excluded from his consultative duties to the U. S. Public Health Service. ( Jain. Sept ) Marc Hauser may hold made noteworthy parts in his field in that he found cotton-top lion monkey monkeys have the ability to larn syllable forms. this was thought to hold a portion in the ability to larn linguistic communication and had been seen before in babies. Ironically. Hauser researched the roots of human abilities such as linguistic communication while analyzing if morality was unconditioned or learned. ( Johnson. Sept ) Hauser’s unethical behaviour of distorting his research could besides others research that relied on the information that he provided in his research. his pupils that he taught. his helpers that worked alongside him and Harvard University non to advert the National Institute of Health that supported his research. Marc Hauser is merely one of many that have found themselves perpetrating unethical picks ; truth is in a study of 3. 247 scientist had reported that one in three scientist admitted to perpetrating at least one of 10 comparatively serious Acts of the Apostless of professional misconduct. ( Artino. JR A ; Brown. June ) Overall. it is of import that any individual that is carry oning any type of research follow the proper guidelines in order to guarantee that the work that is gathered. documented and pub lished can be trusted and validated alternatively of losing credibleness from documenting false information. Mentions Artino. JR. A. R. . A ; Brown. S. W. ( June 01. 2009 ) . Ethical motives in educational research: a comparative analysis of alumnus pupil and module beliefs. . College Student Journal Publisher: Undertaking Innovation ( Alabama ) Audience: Academic Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Education. 43 ( 2 ) . 1. Jain. R.( September 6. 2012 ) . Hauser’s Misconduct Confirmed by Feds. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thecrimson. com/article/2012/9/6/hauser-misconduct-investigation/ Johnson. C. Y. ( September 05. 2012 ) . Former Harvard professor Marc Hauser fabricated. manipulated information. US says. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Boston. com/whitecoatnotes/2012/09/05/harvard-professor-who-resigned-fabricated-manipulated-data-says/UvCmT8yCcmydpDoEkIRhGP/story. hypertext markup language

In Defense of Military Pay Essay Example For Students

In Defense of Military Pay Essay I was in the Army for more than twenty years, and I can say that joining the military was the best decision I have ever made. There are many differences between military and civilian pay and benefits. The Military gets pay base on your pay grade and time in service, based on a pay scale issued by defense finance and accounting services (DFAS). According to the fiscal year 2014, military pay scale the average enlisted service member E-1 with two years of service in the military is paid $1,532. 00 per month and an E-9 with 10 years of service in the military is paid $4,837. 00. Civilians get paid either hourly or on a salary. When I join the Military was because, of job security, pay, good education benefits and an excellent retirement system, this are just a few of the top reasons I seek federal employment. Others consider government careers because of desirable travel opportunities, training availability, different occupations and the ability to locate jobs nationwide and overseas. One of the benefits Military service member receive is free housing or Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) is an allowance to offset the cost of housing when you do not received government provided housing. Your BAH depend upon your location, pay grade, and if you are married or single, based on a pay scale issued by defense finance and accounting services (DFAS) military pay scale the average enlisted soldier E-1 and E-2 with dependents get paid $2,607. 00 per month, without dependents they get paid $1,956. 00 per month and an E-9 with dependents get paid $3,696. 00 per month, without dependents he gets paid $2,832. 00 per month. This benefits service are for members leaving off post. Single soldiers E-4 and below have to leave in the barracks, they have their own rooms but they have to share kitchen and bathrooms. In the civilian sector most jobs will not offer any additional pay for housing. The second benefit that Military service member receive is Basic Allowance for Subsistence, this allowance is to cover for their meals. This allowance is not intended to cover the cost of meals for family members. Enlisted members with less than 4 months of service used to be paid BAS at a lower rate. That difference was eliminated in 2002. BAS used to be calculated on a daily basis. That means that a person who received BAS got just little bit more during months that had 31 days in them and a little bit less during the month of February. In 2002, congress changed the law so that BAS is a set monthly rate. BAS for enlisted soldiers is $357. 55 a month. Officers get paid $242. 60 a month. In the civilian side jobs don’t offer any additional pay for meals. The third benefit that the Military has is free health care. Military members receive medical, dental and vision care. Military personnel don’t have to put any out of pocket money. In addition, the spouse and dependent children of an active-duty member may also enroll in military Health Care (a small enrollment fee and annual deductible may apply). In the civilian sector healthcare in most jobs is not available until a set amount of time has been worked or you are a full-time employee. The family members are not covered unless health care has been purchased for the additional family member. Vision and dental care has to be purchased through the employer if available or from outside resource. Another benefit that Military has is Military Tuition Assistance. The military tuition assistance is a benefit paid to eligible service member of the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force and Coast Guard. .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .postImageUrl , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:hover , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:visited , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:active { border:0!important; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:active , .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4987692d1a8e3e6f0cf7aaa9bb4978ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics EssayCongress has giving each service the ability to pay up to 100% for the tuition expenses of its members while they are still on active duty. Army service member have a tuition assistance of $4,500. 00 for fiscal year. Navy service member have 16 semester hours per fiscal year not to exceed $4,000. 00 per fiscal year. Marines TA would be authorized for only one course. Coast Guard have 75% of the tuition assistance not to exceed 187. 50 per credit hour. In addition military spouse can get up to $4,000. 00 for tuition assistance. In the civilian side they have to pay out of pocket to go to school or try to get a grant or loan. In conclusion I think if Military services member would add their basic pay, basic allowance for housing, basic allowance for subsistence, Cost of Leaving allowance and their Military Health Care; they will notice that Military services members are better off than Civilians. I know military service members have to work longer hours 24/7, be on call and sometimes worked on the weekends; but adding all the allowance up, I’m sure military soldiers get a good monthly pay check.

Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson Essay Example

Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson Essay IT IS VERY COMMON to hear that government would run better if it were more businesslike. I think that is correct. Nevertheless, I will turn the tables on that proposition. I believe that business would benefit from learning some management lessons from a surprisingly gifted governmental executiveRonald Reagan. Those of us who had the good fortune of working for President Reagan witnessed firsthand the effective management style of an unusually successful chief executive. Here are 10 lessons that I learned from observing him in action. Lesson 1: Set Clear and Attainable Objectives, albeit Goals that Seem Difficult to Achieve. In early 1981, President Reagan set his sights on a healthier economy with lower inflation and lower unemployment. The cynics shook their heads. They only thought in terms of a trade-off between more jobs and a slower rise in prices. The cynics were proved to be wrong. Under his leadership, the United States achieved both important objectivesbut not easily. Aside from the substantial cuts in taxes, the adjustments made in economic policy in 1981 and 1982 were initially painful. They especially included a wide variety of spending cuts as well as a tight monetary policy. Nevertheless, those actions led to the longest peacetime expansion in American history. Simultaneously, the escalating double-digit inflation that the Reagan administration faced when we came to Washington has been consigned to the history books. Lesson 2: Choose Subordinates Who Share Your Views and Outlook. Disagreements on details are inevitable among strong-minded people. Nevertheless, the team that Ronald Reagan brought together was united in our dedication to lower taxes, much slower growth in civilian spending, a stronger military establishment, and a less burdensome regulatory system. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style of Sir Richard Branson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Progress in each of these areas was substantial during his eight years in office. Lesson 3: Give Your People Lots of Leeway and Operating Authority. For example, those of us who put together the budget cuts had full discretion in assembling an ambitious assortment of spending reductions. Subsequently, President Reagan sat down with us and reviewed each significant budget change before making the final decisions. He was anything but a rubber stamp. He did not try to micromanage the decision making within each of our agencies, but he held us accountable for the results. He empowered us to exercise a lot of discretion. For example, one of my first assignments was to perform an audit of the American economy. Nobody in the White House tried to second-guess me. President Reagan made my audit report public at a White House press briefing that we conducted jointly. My report made it clear: the American economy was suffering from a combination of illnesseshigh inflation and low growth as well as high taxation, rising government spending, and excessive regulation. The president left the press conference early, and I quickly learned that the questions would not be limited to the announced topic. After he left, I was asked why the president said he could not find his checkbook. I answered that, personally, I delegated that task to my wife. That is still true. Amid the laughter that followed, I started to answer another question. By the way, I later learned that President Reagan may not have written a lot of checks, but he used good old Treasury currency. He mailed out quite a few $10 and $20 bills in response to some heartrending letters he received. In retrospect, Ronald Reagan was a seasoned executive even before assuming the presidency. He had been the successful governor of our largest state for eight years. Prior to that, he served as president of the Screen Actors Guild. (He loved to point out that he was the only president of the United States who had been head of a labor union. ) In both capacities, he led the organization during periods of great external pressures while effectively dealing with difficult personalities inside the organization. Lesson 4: Strongly Back Your People, Especially When They Are Attacked for Trying to Carry Out Your Policies. Ill give you a very personal example. In public presentation describing the budget problems facing the United States, I had the temerity to suggest that annual Social Security benefit increases (the so-called cost-of-living adjustments, or COLAs) were not part of an insurance program. They were really welfare benefits paid by someone else, in this case the working population. Some member of the Congress was so angry with me that he urged my impeachment. I was very relaxed. The odds were that, if the issue ever did reach the president, he would just have a good laugh. Of course, the threat of my impeachment quickly evaporated. Lesson 5: Use Humor to Good Effect. Yes, Ronald Reagan loved to tell funny stories. One of his favorite ones concerned the boy who was digging through a manure pile. His explanation for that strange action was that there had to be a pony in it somewhere. But usually the presidents purpose for telling a humorous tale was very serious. He was always too polite to tell some boring person to shut up. Rather, he preferred to interrupt by telling a story. When he finished, the discussion would quickly shift to a new subject. On other occasions, when the internal debate was in danger of getting too strident, he would break the tension by telling another funny story. He possessed a deep inventory of humor, much of which drew upon his authentic Irish brogue as well as a fine Italian accent. Thus, it was a real treat just to have a casual meal with him. Lesson 6: Communicate Clearly Both Within the Organization and to the Larger Public. Ronald Reagan truly was the Great Communicator, but the results did not come effortlessly. Let me try to give you an idea of how the process worked. His address to the nation in early February 1981 was going to be the occasion for his publicly laying out what became Reaganomics. The process of writing this important speech revealed much about the man. He assembled a group of his key advisers and speechwriters in his living quarters on the top floor of the White House. (He often said that he lived above the store. ) The first session was devoted to developing the major themes of that first big economic speech. We all had a chance to get our oar in. When the president was satisfied with the results, he adjourned the meeting with the understanding that the speechwriters would work up a rough draft of our common thoughts. The rest of the group polished the speechwriters first draft. The revised draft speech then was sent to the president. He rewrote it in his own language on a yellow pad. Thats why his speeches were so convincing. After his handwritten draft was typed, the whole group reassembled. The president held the master copy and he led us through it paragraph by paragraph to get our comments. On several occasions, I told him that a section was not accurate. He never pulled rank. After all, it was his speech. He always responded the same way, OK, how do I make the point accurately? That is an example of how Ronald Reagan inspired loyalty. The process also showed that his deep personal involvement in writing the major messages was essential to the successful communication of the contents. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] At a much later point in his administration, the bureaucrats tried to eliminate the provocative line from his memorable speech in Berlin, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. Happily, the speechwriterthe president himselfprevailed. By the way, in comparison I certainly was not a great communicator. Of course, my job required me to make many economic presentations, both in the White House and to a wide array of congressional committees and private organizations. On one occasion, an anonymous colleague circulated a parody of my standard economic briefing to the Cabinet. I dont think I really sounded like that. But here it is so you can judge for yourselves: Economic data show an easing of the rate at which business is easing off. This can be taken as ample proof that theres a slowing up of the slowdown. Now, to clarify that, it should be noted that a slowing up of the slowdown is not as good as an upturn of the downturn. On the other hand, its a good deal better than either a speedup of the slowdown or a deepening of the downturn. Also, it suggests that the climate is about right for an adjustment of the readjustment to interest rates. Now, turning specifically to interest rates, we find a very definite decrease in the rate of increase. This clearly shows there should be a letting up of the letdown. Of course, if the slowdown should speed up, the decrease in the rate of increase would turn into an increase in the rate of decrease. And finally, the inflation of the recession would turn the recession into a depression, while a deflation in the rate of inflation would give the impression of a recession of the depression. Lesson 7: Let Your Staff Do the Worrying; Thats What They Get Paid for. Ronald Reagan took the presidency very seriously. He may have left the Oval Office at 5 p. m. , but he spent hours in the evening reading our reports and memos. I learned that quickly when he called one evening to discuss a memo that I sent him after 5 p. m. More frequently, he would comment on items that some of us had sent him the previous day as he entered the Cabinet room in the morning. Perhaps most important, after making a decision, President Reagan did not stew about it. He quickly went on to the next item of business. Lesson 8: Take an Upbeat and Positive Attitude. That proved to be the key to maintaining internal enthusiasm and generating external support in a period of great policy changes. A dramatic example was provided by President Reagans response to being shot. The momentum of his administration did not falter. In fact, one wisecrack to his wife did more to reassure the concerned public than all of the medical reports, Sorry, honey, I forgot to duck. That was truly grace under pressure. Lesson 9: Distinguish between Opponents and Enemies. To my knowledge, Ronald Reagan never kept an enemies list. That was not in his nature. He did not know how to hate. He also was wise enough to know that todays opponents on one issue may be tomorrows supporters on anotherprovided that you had not treated them as an enemy. Lesson 10: Keep Some Distance from Your Subordinates. The president was very cordial and caring. At times he would chide some of us for working too hard (to put it mildly, we were highly motivated). Nevertheless, he knew that he was not our buddy, but our leader. By the way, it did not take long to realize that, although you may be spending a lot of time in the White House, you were not the president. Many of my briefings to various interest groups followed a fascinating if not humorous pattern (they did not strike me as funny at the time). Typically, I would make a short presentation to people representing business or labor or minorities or other organizations. This was usually followed by vigorous and occasionally hostile questions. At some point, the president would join us. The tone of the meeting quickly changed. The visitors were all smiles. When he asked them for questions, the typical response was to thank him for the visit and to toss a real softball. As soon as he left, however, the group would resume its tough questioning of me. I cannot resist offering another example of the distance between the president and the members of his staff. When he was not using the presidential box at the Kennedy Center, he generously let his associates use this perk. On one occasion, when I wound up sitting in the presidents seat, the audience could not suppress its disappointment when the lights came on. Nevertheless, my wife and I thoroughly enjoyed the evening! It was a great privilege to serve President Ronald Reagan during an important period in American history. I came away with many fond memories. For example, I have a picture with the president and Nancy on which he added a teasing note thanking me for explaining the dismal science to Nancy. (He loved to quote at me Thomas Carlyle, the 19th century British writer who referred to economics as the dismal science. ) Working for Ronald Reagan was anything but dismal. Yes, it was very nice for U. S. News to list me as one of the 30 most influential Americans in 1981 and again in 1982. Of course, I was quickly dropped from the list when I returned to St. Louis in 1983. On that note, also recall the lady who stopped me as I was getting off the elevator of a Washington hotel. This was two weeks after I left the White House. She asked me just one question, Didnt you use to be somebody? Murray Weidenbaum holds the Mallinckrodt Distinguished University Professorship at Washington University, where he also serves as the honorary chairman of the Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy. In 1981 and 1982 he was President Reagans first chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. In that capacity he helped formulate the economic policy of the Reagan administration and was a key spokesman for the administration on economic and financial issues. During the years 1982-1989 he was a member of the Presidents Economic Policy Advisory Board, Corporate boards he has served on include Beatrice Foods, Contel, May Department Stores, and Medicine Shoppe

CTel Essay Questions and Sample Essays

CTel Essay Questions and Sample EssaysCTel is a great way to help your students build better communication skills. However, this can also be used as a great tool to test their understanding of English grammar. Here are some sample CTel essays to help you get started. They will take less than an hour to complete and they will help you quickly see what they are able to do.English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. Therefore, students are going to be tested about how well they know the language. Students will need to write essays about both positive and negative aspects of the English language. They will be asked to determine if the use of the English language will impact their performance in their studies or career. They will also be asked to try to determine if a new type of English, Modern English, is more appropriate for them.Example - The best way to prepare for a test like this is to choose an example and to then go back and read the sentence and see if you can make it better. How do you do that? Write out another sentence that uses the example and use your editing skills to make it more clear. If you were to miss the first example then you would have the first sentence to go by.Following Examples - There are many ways to follow a set of examples. However, you will be told that the first two or three sentences of each paragraph should be the same. The last thing you want to do is to rewrite all of the sentences in your writing.Close Observation - Students are not going to be asked to create a unique piece of writing. However, they are going to be asked to do close observation of one example. Students will have to identify the most important factors in the example. This will be a very short essay but you will find it challenging and exciting at the same time.Guesses - You will be given examples of how a guess could be made. You are asked to look at the examples from a different perspective and to come up with your own unique answer. Once a gain, it will be a short essay that will test your ability to recognize and create answers for your own examples.Modern English - Students will be asked to write about the different types of English that are commonly used in the United States. They will also be asked to evaluate the various forms of modern English that are currently in use in this country. Students will also need to write about the correct usage of different English forms. This will be a very quick essay that will test your ability to understand and correctly interpret the different types of English that are commonly used in the United States.The lessons will help you to identify and address some of the most common areas that are going to be covered in the CTel module. The examples will be written by professional teachers who are best suited to teach the techniques that are in this module. This will help to ensure that the techniques and strategies used in this module are taught well and effectively.